“1977 marked the introduction of the fourth generation of microprocessors. In fact, these devices now could be called microcomputers in a single integrated circuit. These new devices include the complete microprocessor, read only memory, programmable memory, and IO circuitry on one chip. A minimum of support logic is required.”
For a bit of a comparison, check out the ridiculous amount stuff crammed into a Texas Instruments OMAP 5 processor that’s designed for cell phones.
Also, you have to check out the picture of Roger Amidon’s computer “Spider” on the fourth page.
The First Ten Years of Amateur Computing
Sol Libes President, Amateur Computer Group of New Jersey
995 Chimney Ridge
Springfield NJ 07081
Most people I meet are under the mistaken notion that personal computing started only two or three years ago, with the introduction of the Altair 8800 by MITS. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, the amateur computing hobby was then almost ten years old.
I therefore decided to write this article to set the record straight, give credit to the early pioneers in this hobby and shed some light on the early history of microprocessors.
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My first modem was an external 300 baud Hayes connected to an Apple IIc (there was no place inside to stick one). Man, even in 1987 300 buad was slow. It was easy to out type the display. Later, in high school I ran my own BBS, on a Supra 14.4, one of the fancy ones with the vacuum fluorescent display. I still cringe when I think about all of the hours I spent tweaking the Hayes initialization string to get everything working right.

modem / ‘mo • dam / [modulator + demodulator] n – s : a device for transmission of digital information via an analog channel such as a telephone circuit.
Those of us who live on the North American continent are blessed with an incredible non-natural resource consisting of a gigantic web of tiny copper wires linking virtually all of our homes and businesses together into the greatest telecommunications network in history. The Bell System and over 1600 independent telephone companies have been stringing wires and microwaves nearly everywhere for up to 100 years. Now, the 80-103A Data Communications Adapter brings this amazing network to S-100 Micro Computers. Read the rest of this entry »
Totally unrelated to the article, but it’s interesting to see how subtle changes to fonts can make OCR systems completely fail. ABBYY FineReader 10 (which is by far the best OCR program I’ve found), was utterly unable to read any of the bold text on top, or even recognize that it WAS text.
INTRODUCING THE HP-41C.
A CALCULATOR.
A SYSTEM.
A WHOLE NEW STANDARD.
The new HP-41C has more than any handheld calculator HP has ever offered. More capability, flexibility, ease-of-use features and options: Memory Modules; an “extra smart” Card Reader; a Printer; The Wand — a new input device; and Application Modules.
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